Lesson 3
Korean lessons: Lesson 3
Phonological notes1. Syllable-final Consonants (받침):
1) Theoretically, any consonant can be in the 받침 (syllable final) position. In reality, ㄸ, ㅉ, and ㅃ are not used as 받침.
2) Some of the consonants merge into one sound when they are in the syllable-final position. Orthographically, however, they remain different. Summarized as follows:
| consonant endings 받침 | sound | examples |
| ㄱ, ㅋ | [k] | 각, 부엌 |
| ㄴ | [n] | 눈 |
| ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ | [t] | 낟, 낫, 낮, 낯, 낱, 낳 all pronounced as [ 낟] |
| ㄹ | [l] | 쌀 |
| ㅁ | [m] | 봄 |
| ㅂ, ㅍ | [p] | 입, 잎 both pronounced as [입] |
| ㅇ | [ng] | 영 |
| 각 | + | 이 (topic/subject marker) | = | [가기 kagi] |
| 부엌 | + | 에 (place marker) | = | [부어케 puo^k`e] |
| 낮 | + | 에 (temporal marker) | = | [나제 naje] |
| 낯 | + | 에 (place marker) | = | [나체 nach`e] |
| 입 | + | 이 (top./sub. marker) | = | [이비 ibi] |
| 잎 | + | 이 (top./sub. maeker) | = | [이피 ip`i] |
2. Rules of Pronunciation
2.1. Liason (받침 carry-over)
1) A 받침 is carried over by the following syllable when the following syllable starts with a zero-initial.
ex)
| 국이 | → | [구기] | 문이 | → | [무니] | |
| 밥을 | → | [바블] | 옷이 | → | [오시 ] | |
| 잎이 | → | [이피] | 밖에 | → | [바께] |
ex)
| 앉아요 | → | [안자요] | 읽어요 | → | [일거요] | |
| 밟아요 | → | [발바요] | 핥아요 | → | [할타요] | |
| 읊어요 | → | [을퍼요] | 없어요 | → | [업서요] |
2.2. Nasalization
When a final (non-nasal) consonant is followed by a nasal initial (ㄴ,ㅁ), the non-nasal consonant absorbs the nasality, keeping its place of articulation. Remember, 'ㅇ' in the initial position is not a nasal consonant but a zero.
| ㄱ, ㅋ | → | ㅇ | |
| ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ | → | ㄴ | / before ㄴ or ㅁ |
| ㅂ, ㅍ | → | ㅁ |
ex)
| 갑니다 → [감니다] | 낱말 → [난말] | 먹는다 → [멍는다] |
2.3. Aspiration
When ㅎ [h] is adjacent, a consonant is influenced and aspirated.
| ㄱ | → | ㅋ | |
| ㄷ | → | ㅌ | / before or after ㅎ |
| ㅂ | → | ㅍ | |
| ㅈ | → | ㅊ |
| 좋다 → [조타] | 노랗다 → [노라타] |
| 생각하다 → [생가카다] | 입히다 →[이피다] |
2.4. Palatalization
When ㄷ or ㅌ is followed by 이 [i], a paplatalization occurs.
| ㄷ[t] | → | ㅈ [ch] | |
| ㅌ[t`] | → | ㅊ [ch`] | / before 이 |
| 미닫이→[미다지] | 굳이 →[구지] | 같이 →[가치] |
2.5. Liquidation
| ㄴ | → | ㄹ | /before another ㄹ |
| 전라북도 | → | [절라북도] | 신라 | → | [실라] |
Post a Comment